摘要：

该课题旨在研究中美日常用语中的语言差异，并揭示语言结构及其用法，这对于英语学习及正确交际具有重要意义。由于中西方文化差异，尤其是思维模式不同， 在很多方面对英汉语言都产了巨大影响。本文通过对大量实际使用的中美日常用语研究，分析其语言差异，揭示其规律。在跨文化交际中，只有充分了解对方的语言表达方式，才这能理解对方的意图，避免误会和尴尬，从而实现有效交际。本文共五个部分，第一部分为课题介绍；第二部分为文献综述，对英国语言学家利奇和中国语言学教授顾曰国对礼貌原则的研究以及托马斯对语用失误的研究进行文献综述；第三部分为中美文化差异在思维模式和价值观上的不同进行比较；第四部分为中美日常用语的差异举例；第五部分为语用失误在日常用语中的举例说明。结论部分指出在跨文化交际中，除了语言交际之外还有非语言交际，日后为了研究最大限度的实现有效交际，还应对非语言交际进行研究，同时提出解决语用失误的方法。

关键词：中美；文化；日差用语；差异；

Abstract:

This paper aims to study the differences in daily communication between Chinese and America, and to reveal the language structure and usage which is important for English learning and effective communication. Due to the cultural differences, especially the thinking patterns, English and Chinese language has a tremendous impact in many ways. This paper analysis the linguistic differences and reveals the rules through researching the daily communication between Chinese and America. In cross-culture communication, as long as fully understand each other’s language, one can understand each other’s intentions and avoid misunderstanding and embarrassment to achieve effective communication. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is introduction; the second part is a literature review of politeness principle of English linguistics Geoffrey Leech and Chinese professor Gu, and the theory of pragmatic failures of Jenny Thomas; the third part is the culture differences in thinking patterns and value between Chinese and America; the fourth part is to take examples of differences in daily communication between Chinese and America; the last part is to study the examples of pragmatic failures. In the conclusion, this paper points out in order to realize the effective communication at the best advantage, the paralinguistic communication should be studied and solutions to avoid pragmatic failures should be pointed out.

Key words: China and America; culture; daily communication; difference

1. Introduction
The original word of culture is the Latin word culture, and its earliest primary meaning is planting and cropping. But as with the human society is developing, and the humanity of the objective world has a further understanding, culture has been given a whole new meaning. “That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society” is the definition of culture made by British anthropologist Edward Taylor in his book Primitive Culture. The Merriam-Webster, 2000 defined culture as the sum total of human behavior and products culture, represented by thought, speech, action, and products.