Abstract
This paper takes 102 NBA payers' nicknames as corpus, analyzing the structure mode and using features of the nickname. From the perspective of the language forms of nicknames, they typically constituted by metaphor and metonymy. Metaphorical nickname mainly use animals and movie heroes as the base. The nickname made up of metonymy is more abundant. Metonymy use tools, identity, style, technical characteristics, appearance and profession as the basis, highlighting the significant characteristics of ontology. By studying their social pragmatic functions, it can find that they are Evaluation and expression function, Identity indication function and commercial function. NBA payers' nicknames are very special and colorful, reflecting the people in different cognitive style and means, and have abundant rhetoric aesthetics and cultural connotation. By studying NBA player nicknames, it lets people who love basketball understand American culture enjoy the charm of basketball better.
Keywords   Metaphor   Metonymy   Social pragmatics
 
本文以NBA中102位球员的绰号为语料，分析绰号的构成方式和使用特点。从绰号的语言构成方式来看，它们一般是通过隐喻或转喻构成。绰号的隐喻构成以动物和电影人物为主要喻底。以转喻构成的绰号更为丰富。转喻通过工具、职业、身份、风格特点、技术特点和体型外貌特征为依据，突出本体的显著特征。通过研究它们的社会语用功能发现主要为辨别身份功能、品评表情功能和商业功能。NBA球员绰号新奇独特，体现人们不同的认知方式和手段，并且具有丰富的修辞美感和文化内涵。通过研究NBA球员的绰号，让喜爱篮球的人们可以更好的了解美国的篮球文化，更好地享受篮球的魅力。
关键词  隐喻   转喻   社会语用学

In recent years, nicknames become an important symbol of people. Now there are many people have one or more nicknames, especially some famous persons, such as the superstars and the athletes and even their nicknames are so popular that others do not remember their true names. Because nicknames are not the mainstream of language cultural phenomenon, its research always has not been get the attention it deserved, but we can see some researches in some books about names. Even though, nickname has been active in people's daily life. For many people, usually we will forget their names, but the nickname never been forgotten. In the past, people did research about nickname only analyzed from the perspective of metaphor, and they did not make research in their social functions. This paper intends to analyze NBA players’ nicknames in both perspective of metaphor and metonymy, also combine with the concept of social pragmatics to analyze its function.