Abstract
This paper will focus on referring expressions in news headlines as the research object. Taking referring expressions collected from news headlines from two newspapers published on the same day as the data, this paper discusses the personal referring expressions and the demonstrative referring expressions, and their respective distribution and pragmatic effects. Research finds that authoritative newspaper compared with local newspaper uses less personal referring expressions, among which most are vague ones. But the honorific of personal referring expressions appears more often in authoritative newspaper than local newspaper. In the perspective of demonstrative referring expressions’ using, local newspaper has more words referring to time than authoritative paper and both use nearly the same number of words referring to place. Then choice of referring expressions is related to the newspaper’s stance, inclination and positioning, as well as the report’s emphasis and prediction about readers’ knowledge.
Keywords  Referring expressions  News headlines

本论文以汉语新闻标题中的指称语为研究对象，收集同一天出版的两份报纸新闻标题中的指称语，讨论人称指称和指示指称及其各自的分布及其语用效果。研究发现，官方报纸在人称指称语使用方面少于地方报纸，且多属于模糊指称。但人称指称语中敬语的使用，则是官方报纸多于地方报纸。在指示指称语的使用方面，时间指称地方报纸多于官方报纸，地点指称两者相当。新闻标题中指称语的选择与新闻报纸的立场、倾向以及定位有关。同时，也与报道重点以及对读者知识的预估有关。
关键词  指称语  新闻标题  人称指称  指示指称

Referring expressions deal with the relationship between linguistic expressions and their referents, and also play a primarily important role in meaning transmission during the verbal communication. In traditional grammar, the study of referring expressions is concentrated on its semantic reference. But later the study gradually tends to approach referring expressions from the pragmatic and cognitive perspective.
News headlines have the function of illustrating the contents of the news concisely and briefly. It is regarded as the “eye” of the news report, highly summarized, succinct, accurate and eye-catching.