Abstract

The Old Man and the Sea is considered as one of the most outstanding novella of Ernest Miller Hemingway. What exits in this novella is not only the harmony between man and nature but the ambitions to conquer the nature. However, nature will punish man severely if man wants to invade nature. This thesis analyzes the eco-consciousness reflected in The Old Man and the Sea based on eco-criticism theory, aims to arouse readers’ attention to the ecological problem in literature and strengthen readers’ ecological consciousness. Besides, it helps man treat the relationship between man and nature in a proper way so as to achieve a harmonious life between man and nature.
The paper consists of four parts. The first part gives a general introduction to The Old Man and the Sea, its author, Hemingway, and his life time. The second part focuses on the history and development of eco-criticism theory. The third part discusses the ecological consciousness reflected in the novella in detail: the harmony between Santiago and nature, the tragedy of conquering the nature and Santiago’s reflection. The last part reveals the theme of the paper, that is, to arouse the public’s attention to ecological problem and help strengthen the ecological consciousness and establish right ecological value.

Key Words: Hemingway  ecological consciousness  eco-criticism 

摘  要

《老人与海》是欧内斯特•米勒尔•海明威最杰出的中篇小说之一。《老人与海》表现出的不仅是人与自然的和谐还有人类对大自然征服的野心，然而妄图征服自然将会遭受到大自然严厉的惩罚。该文将从生态批评的视角来分析作品中所体现的生态意识，以引起读者对当今生态问题的关注，增强读者的生态意识，正确对待人与自然的关系，从而实现人与自然的和谐共存。
本文共分四部分内容。第一部分概述了《老人与海》的主要内容及其作者生平，并提出了研究内容，即分析小说中所体现的生态意识。第二部分分析生态批评理论并详细探讨其主要内容及发展。第三部分从三个方面具体分析了小说中所体现的生态意识，即男主人公与自然的和谐相处、男主人公企图征服自然的悲剧以及男主人公的反思。最后部分揭示了该研究的现实意义，旨在引起全社会对生态问题的重视，从而帮助人们加强生态意识以及树立正确的生态观。

关键词：海明威 生态意识 生态批评  

1    Introduction
Ernest Miller Hemingway, winner of the Nobel Price for literature of his great work named The Old Man and the Sea in 1954, is considered as one of the finest literary stylists of the 20th century. The Old Man and the Sea is not only regarded as a representative work of Hemingway but also one of the greatest novels in the history of American literature.