Abstract

July 2, 2011 is the 50th anniversary of the death of a famous American writer,1954 Nobel Prize winner, Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961).American media paid honor to him on this day. Works by Ernest Hemingway still occupy a vital position in the world literary. Among them, The Old Man and the Sea, for which he received the Nobel Prize for Literature maintains enduring charm and inspires researchers from different aspects. The spiritual isolation is an eternal topic which is also reflected profoundly in Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea".

This thesis employs modern psychological and philosophical theory as theoretical foundation and mainly focuses on loneliness of Santiago in the Old Man and the Sea and among ordinary people. It adopts psychoanalytic method and content analysis as research methods. The article first introduces the research status at home and abroad on the loneliness in the Old Man and the Sea and its purpose and meaning at home and abroad, and then interprets the theory of modern psychology about loneliness, and at the same time explores the interpretation of the philosopher on loneliness. And then it analyses the characteristics, living environment, relationship with others and behaviours of the old man to illustrate the loneliness of Santiago in the Old Man and the Sea.

Key words: the Old Man and the Sea, loneliness, psycoanalysis, philosophy
摘        要
2011年7月2日是美国大作家、1954年诺贝尔文学奖得主欧内斯特•海明威（1899-1961）去世50周年，美国媒体多有纪念。海明威的作品依然在文坛占据着至关重要的地位。其中，让他获得诺贝尔文学奖的《老人与海》也保持着经久不衰的魅力，从不同侧面给研究者以启发。人类的精神孤独是一个永恒的话题，它在海明威的《老人与海》中也有深刻的体现。
本文将以现代心理学和哲学为理论依据，以精神分析法和文本分析法为研究方法，致力于研究《老人与海》主人公圣地亚哥的精神孤独，以此研究人类普遍的精神孤独。文章首先介绍国内外对《老人与海》中主人公精神孤独的研究现状及其目的与意义，再对现代心理学中关于人类的精神孤独的理论进行阐释，同时探讨哲学家对精神孤独的阐释。然后运用精神分析法，结合文本分析对老人的性格，生存环境，与周遭环境的关系以及老人的行为进行分析。通过一系列分析来说明《老人与海》中老人的精神孤独。
关键词：老人与海，精神孤独，心理分析，哲学