Abstract

In many literary works, distortion of content can be summed up as human predicament to describe it. And for Hemingway, this kind of "distortion" and "depression" is also regarded as the human predicament which works with subject spirit in the form of confusion and contradictions. When Hemingway got old, the crisis on his body and his proud spirit had become into setback which was bothering him. Therefore, the description of human predicament often will appear on his novels, so that he can show character's personality traits more clearly and developed story smoothly. While his masterpiece, The Old Man and the Sea shows the human predicament more clearly and helps readers get a deeper recognizing and understanding of the hero and his story. Therefore, in the novel The Old Man and the Sea, the description of the human predicament is very important for novel itself. And we must seize the description of human predicament in the novel in order to understand the information and significance in contained in novel better.

KEYWORDS:human predicament；Hemingway；description；distortion

摘　要

在很多文学作品中，作者在文中所描述的内容的歪曲被总结为人类困境。而对于海明威来说，这种“歪曲”与“压抑”也是以主体精神在作品中困惑与矛盾的形式所表现出来的人类困境。老年的海明威所遭遇的身体上的危机、他赖以自豪的精神意志也变成挫败困扰着他。因此，他的小说中，往往都会出现关于人类困境的描述，以便更加清晰地表现出人物的性格特点，发展故事情节。而他的代表作《老人与海》，更加清楚地表现了人类困境在文学作品中的运用与描述，让读者对于故事中的主人公以及他所遭遇到的事情有了更深刻的认识与理解。因此，在《老人与海》中的人类困境的描述，对于小说本身来说，是很重要的。而我们必须抓住小说中的关于人类困境的描述，才能更好地了解作者在小说中所包含的信息，了解作品本身所包含的意义。

关键词:人类困境；海明威；描述；扭曲

1    Introduction
1.1    Introduction of human predicament
Fredric Jameson, one of western Marxist critics, once pointed out that the process of criticism is bringing forward content, rather than explaining the content which would unfold again to face original meaning and primitive experience distorted by various unconscious depressive powers. It shows that what should explain is why the content is so distorted, and therefore we cannot separate it from the description for the unconscious depressive mechanism. And in a lot of literary works, the distortion is summarized as human predicament.