摘    要

当今跨文化研究已成为促进不同文化间交流的一种重要手段。在中西文化的交流中，中西悲剧比较在中国近代学术研究中颇为引人注目。《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《梁山伯与祝英台》是倍受中西方人喜爱的两部经典爱情悲剧。目前虽然有大量文献对其进行对比分析，但大都局限在细节方面。从悲剧心理学角度对这两部作品的分析比较少见。针对以上问题，本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，从文化角度入手，具体分析这两部中外名著，力图进行深入研究，进一步丰富已有的研究内容，从而为转型时期的文化提供一点启示。作者采用比较文学美国学派提出的平行研究法进行分析，结合悲剧心理学，对《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《梁山伯与祝英台》这两部中外名著进行实例分析研究。首先梳理其表面的趋同，再探究分析其深层的差异之处。接着，作者针对这两部悲剧在主题、人物和结构三方面的差异进行系统分析。通过实例分析，作者认为，在爱情模式上，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的爱情是狂热的、无所顾忌的；而《梁祝》中的爱情是含蓄、坚贞不渝的。在揭示悲剧命运的表现手法上，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》悲剧的必然性主要是为了达到西方文学所谓的震撼的悲剧效果；而《梁祝》悲剧的必然性主要是为了取得动人的悲剧效果。此外，在人物性格方面，罗密欧和朱丽叶在表达、捍卫爱情方面都显得比较主动；而梁山伯与祝英台则比较被动。最后，就悲剧结构而言，《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是“直线型”的；《梁祝》是“曲线型”的。上述三大方面的差异，凸现这两部爱情悲剧的悲壮与凄美。文章最后指出，西方人热情、奔放、追求世俗生活、信奉爱情至上，有着极强的独立人格意识。中国人含蓄、深沉、重整体、尚人伦，有着依附人格意识。正是由于中西方文化心态的不同，使两部爱情悲剧中的男女主人公在爱情的表达上、对爱情的态度及面对悲剧的抗争意识上异彩纷呈。

关键词：跨文化，悲剧，爱情，比较

ABSTRACT

Nowadays the cross-cultural study has become one of the important means for communication between the different cultures. In the process of cultural exchanges between China and the West, the comparative study of tragedy has become a heated topic in Chinese academic world. Both Romeo and Juliet and Butterfly Lovers have been very popular in the West and China. So far lots of research papers have only confined their studies to the details. It’s rare to find the comparison of these two tragedies from the perspectives of the tragic aesthetics. Based on the previous research, this thesis is a tentative endeavor to make a comparative study of these two world-famous works by way of analysis, comparison, to discuss the cultural factors of the two different societies and to further studies of the early researchers by studying their earlier achievements. The writer makes a comparative study of the two famous tragedies on the basis of the earlier theoretical comparison of the tragedy of the West and China. This thesis aims to makes deep explorations from the perspectives of tragic aesthetics by parallel studies. It begins to sort out their similarities and then analyzes their differences. The writer deals with them by a comprehensive comparison and systematic analysis mainly in three aspects, namely, themes, characters and structures. As far as love is concerned, the love between Romeo and Juliet is fervent and blind while the love of the hero and heroine in Butterfly Lovers is mild. Concerning the tragic fate of the two works, the tragedy of the protagonists in Romeo and Juliet is necessarily made for the tragic effects, according to the tradition of Western tragedy which aims to evoke pity and fear out of the audience. The tragic fate of the protagonists in Butterfly Lovers is doomed for its particular tragic effects to move people to tears by exposing their inevitable tragedy. With regard to the tragic characters, the protagonists in Romeo and Juliet show a bit more initiative than Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai in expressing and defending love. Eventually with respect to structure, Romeo and Juliet is of linear-like while Butterfly Lovers is of curve-like. The distinctions of the two tragedies in the three aspects reflect the different styles of the two tragedies. Finally, the writer has made an endeavor to focus on the analysis of the cause of the tragedies. The western people are passionate, brave and independent. They firmly believe that love ranks above everything and they are entitled to enjoy the happiness. On the contrary, the Chinese people are reserved. They often attach great importance to the human relations and have
strong collective consciousness. In a word, the different cultural psychology leads to the distinctions of the two tragedies.

Key words: cross-culture, tragedy, love, comparison