摘要

乔治•奥威尔(1903-1950),出生于印度一个英国文官的中产阶级家庭，后曾在印度驻缅甸的帝国警察中服务。殖民地生活的所见所闻和自发的正义感对他以后的创作产生了深刻的影响。在《动物农场》这部小说中，我们可以感受到作者不满集权统治，追求自由和平等的伟大思想。
在《动物农场》这部小说中，奥威尔主要通过描写在英国的某一个农场中，动物们起来反抗人类的残酷统治，从而建立一个动物们自己管理自己的社会，但最后的结果却是极少部分的动物掌握了农场的权利，继续压迫农场中绝大部分动物的悲剧结果。动物们虽然革了人类的命，但却无法革了集权主义的命。奥威尔在整部小说中运用他娴熟的反讽技巧，时时刻刻透露出他不满集权统治，同情动物们遭遇的情感。反讽作为一种写作方法，成功地运用在《动物农场》这部寓言式的小说中，让读者在阅读小说之后开启自己的思考过程。
本论文以两个反讽理论Gricean Irony Theory和 Echoic-mention Theory of Irony为支撑，深入分析小说中出现的反讽现象，以事实和例子为依据，向读者展示奥威尔如何运用他的反讽写作技巧，从而最终向读者揭示奥威尔运用反讽技巧来表达他反对集权和追求自由和平等的思想。

关键词：《动物农场》，奥威尔，反讽，反集权

ABSTRACT

George Orwell (1903-1950) was born in a middle class family of English officer in India, and then he served in an empire police branch of India in Burma. What he saw and heard in the colonial land and his automatic sense of justice greatly influenced his writings later. In Animal Farm, we can feel that Orwell dissatisfied with the totalitarianism and he urged to pursue the freedom and equality.
In Animal Farm, Orwell depicts a farm located in England. The animals in that farm rise to overthrow the cruel control of human-being, and as a result of the revolution they build a self-running society in that farm. But in the end only the minority of animals on the farm seize power and the majority of the animals are still cruelly ruled by the privileged class. It is a tragic outcome, for the animals overthrow the control of human-being but they can not overthrow the control of totalitarianism. In the whole fable Orwell uses his brilliant irony skills to show his dissatisfaction with totalitarianism and sympathy for the animals’ sad experience. As a writing skill, irony is successfully employed in the Animal Farm, guiding the readers to start thinking after reading the novel.
With the help of Gricean Irony Theory and Echoic-mention Theory of Irony, my thesis will deeply analyze the irony examples in the novel. Based on the facts and examples, I will introduce the readers how Orwell uses his irony skill, and then finally sheds light on his idea of anti-totalitarianism and pursuit of freedom and equality.

Key words: Animal Farm，Orwell， anti-totalitarianism，irony