摘要

《老人与海》是海明威最著名的作品之一，它是一部寓意深远的悲剧风格的小说，也是一支感人至深的英雄主义赞歌。小说主人公渔夫桑提亚哥是其“硬汉”形象的集大成者，他身上不仅凝聚了海明威主角模式卓绝的特质、压力下的冷静和优雅风度以及产生这种优雅感的自我控制力，还显示出了一种阔远宁静的心理特质。
虽然作者笔下的桑提亚哥有着沧桑的外表，显得又瘦又憔悴。但精神的执着者，是无所畏惧的。老人的形象是海明威塑造的一系列“硬汉”形象的深化和发展。海明威不仅描写了老人的坚强意志，而且用了大量的篇幅来描写老人的内心世界，那就是对真诚的友谊和世界美好事物的向往，而这部分正是小说中最为精彩的部分。“老人”是一种哲理化的“硬汉”性格的化身，一种能压倒命运的崇高精神力量的体现。海明威把桑提亚哥塑造成象征人类尊严和力量的“人”的形象，作为自己对人生和社会进行探索的艺术总结。
本论文的目的就是解析海明威笔下的那个真正的老人形象，通过借助老人不懈地出海、捕马林鱼、斗鲨鱼等一系列冲突，还原故事的主人公最真实的形象和本质——勇敢、自信、自尊以及永不屈服的性格。另一个方面，本文还将从父权文化价值观来分析硬汉缺乏的正是当今时代呼吁的男女之间平等、对话与合作精神。

关键词：老人与海，桑提亚哥，形象, 硬汉

Abstract

The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway’s most famous works. It is not only a profound tragedy, but also a moving paean to heroism. Santiago is the typical representative of the author’s “Code Hero,” embodying not only the extraordinary courage, composure and grace under pressure, and self-control of Hemingway esque protagonists, but also shows a frame of mind characterized by serenity and breadth of vision.
Although the protagonist Santiago has a weathered appearance, thin and gaunt. But in his spirit, he is dauntless. He is a continuation and distillation of a series of “butch” characters created by Hemingway in his works. Hemingway not only describes Santiago’s strong will, but spends many words on his inner world, focusing on his sincere friendship and his yearning for the beautiful things in the world, which forms the most exciting part of the novel. The old man is it a philosophical incarnation of such "butch" characters, displaying a noble spiritual power that overwhelms fate. Hemingway describes him as a human being full of dignity and strength, as a summary of his lifelong exploration of life and society.
The objective of this thesis is to analyze the character of the old man. By tracing a series of conflicts in the story, it reveals the true nature of the protagonist—bravery, self-confidence, dignity and never-yielding will. It will also touch upon what Santiago lacks—gender equality and a willingness to engage in cooperation.

Key words: The Old Man and the Sea, Santiago, Characterization, Code Hero