Abstract

John Keats was one of the brilliant English poets in 19th century. Together with Percy Bysshe Shelley and George Gordon Byron，he was one of the most brilliant poets of Romanticism. His poetry was famous for its rich imagination, exaggerated description, magnificent colours and beautiful rhyme. People are fond of his poems because of the beauty of the forms and the richness of contents. Besides, he expressed his desire for freedom, love and wonderful life skillfully. He was good at describing natural scene and appearances of things and showed the sense of colour and stereoscopic sceneries in poems. He valued the techniques of writing and the language he used was gorgeous. He made great influences on the composition of later poetry. The poems left by him were famous all over the world and represented the characteristics of western romantic poetry.
However, in many of his works, Keats used both romantic and realistic methods to write poems. He not only depicted wonderful ideal life artistically, but also reflected the real life fairly. He made the perfect combination of romanticism and realism while expressing his true complex emotions. To study the poetry of John Keats is to understand poetry of that time and later generations’ composition. We may get further understanding of realism and romanticism by learning Keats’s works carefully.
This essay analyzes the romanticism and realism in three famous poems of John Keats: To Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale, Isabella. The essay depicts from the background of the poet’s composition, the contents of the poems, the special techniques of expression, and also the strong feelings Keats had in the poems. In the first poem To Autumn, the poet described autumn as a farmer and gave many details about the harvest in autumn. In the second poem Ode to a Nightingale, the sick poet was touched by the beautiful song of a nightingale and had many thoughts of life and death, love and eternality. In the third poem Isabella, the poet told a story about a girl who lost her lover because the evil capitalist system. He described the bad situation of the working labours in detail and made many contrasts in that poems.
Besides these, there are also many other aspects of Romanticism and Realism in Keats’s poems. Closely related to John Keats’s poetry, the analysis of the combination of romanticism and realism can show the readers a total different world of the poet.

Key word: John Keats, Poems, Romanticism, Realism

摘要

约翰•济慈是19世纪英国杰出的诗作家之一，也是浪漫派的主要成员，与雪莱、拜伦齐名。凭借丰富的想象，夸张的描写，绚丽的色彩和优美的音律，他的诗歌不论在形式上还是在内容上都给人留下了美的享受。除此以外他的诗歌还洋溢着对自由的渴望，对爱情的向往以及对美好生活的热爱之情。他擅长描绘自然景色和事物外貌，表现景物的色彩感和立体感。他重视写作技巧，语言追求华美，对后世抒情诗的创作影响极大。他遗下的诗篇誉满人间，被认为完美地体现了西方浪漫主义诗歌的特色。然而在他的相当一部分的作品里，济慈同时采用浪漫主义和现实主义的表现手法进行创作，既艺术地描写美好的理想生活，又真实地再现当时的社会生活，做到了浪漫主义与现实主义的统一，充分表达了诗人的情感。研究济慈的诗歌能够帮助我们进一步理解英国那个时代以及以后诗人的诗歌创作，让我们对现实主义与浪漫主义有进一步的认识与感悟。
本文结合了诗人三首著名的诗篇，《秋颂》、《夜莺颂》、《伊莎贝拉》，从诗歌的创作背景，诗歌的内容、表现手法以及诗歌情感的抒发来具体分析诗歌中的浪漫主义与现实主义特点。在第一首《秋颂》中，诗人把秋天比作一个庄稼人，并对秋收的种种细节做出了描写；在第二首《夜莺颂》中，诗人被夜莺优美的诗歌打动，并对生与死、爱与永恒产生了诸多的联想；在第三首《伊莎贝拉》中，诗人讲述了一个万恶的资本主义制度下丧失爱人的女孩的故事，诗中对劳动阶级被压迫的悲惨情景做出了详尽的描写，各种矛盾冲突使诗歌情节起伏。
除了这些，济慈的诗歌还有许多方面体现了浪漫主义与现实主义的结合。具体结合济慈的诗歌来分析，能够为读者展现一个不一样的济慈。

关键词：济慈 诗歌浪漫主义 现实主义