摘要：

海明威是美国20世纪的伟大作家，被称为“自然之子”。生态批评产生后，海明威的自然观日益受到关注，回归自然的意识在他的杰作《老人与海》中达到成熟。本文首先以生态批评作为理论基础，对其进行简要阐述，继而介绍生态批评理论观照下的《老人与海》的研究。其次，本文探讨了海明威自然观的形成原因：在大自然中的成长经历、父母早期的教育、个人与大自然的接触等。最后，本文分析生态思想尤其是自然生态和精神生态在《老人与海》中的体现，以唤醒人们的生态意识并呼吁人们积极参与环境保护活动。

关键词：海明威；《老人与海》；生态意识
 
Abstract：

Ernest Hemingway is a great American writer of the 20th century and he is considered as “the son of nature”. After the emergence of ecocriticism, Hemingway’s ecological consciousness began to attract more and more attention and the consciousness of returning to nature reaches to maturity in his masterpiece the Old Man and the Sea. Based on ecocriticism, this thesis firstly introduces it briefly and discusses researches about the Old Man and the Sea in the light of ecocriticism. Then, this thesis explores three main factors which have greatly influenced the shaping of Hemingway’s ecological consciousness, his growth in nature, his early education by his parents, his personal contacts with nature. At last, this thesis analyses ecological consciousness, especially natural ecology and spiritual ecology, in the Old Man and the Sea. The purpose of this thesis is to awaken peoples’ ecological consciousness and encourage them to take action to protect the environment human beings are living in.

Key words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; ecological consciousness

1. Introduction
The past twentieth century is really a period of paradox. On one hand, it sees human beings’ great progress and makes us feel confident in our ability and creativity. On the other hand, it makes us doubt whether we are able to control our own ability. With the rapid development of science and technology, human beings are able to produce much more material wealth in the short period of history. However, it is very ridiculous that we can not control our lust and have been trying our best to take as much as possible from the environment. We damage the natural environment severely which directly threatens the existence of the whole world we are living in.