[摘  要]

在海明威的作品中，《老人与海》占有重要地位，它是海明威一生的总结性的作品。《老人与海》中的主人公老渔夫桑提亚哥体现了海明威晚年时期的内心世界，他是海明威在文学作品中所塑造的众多硬汉中最典型的一个。本文通过分析《老人与海》中桑提亚哥这一人物形象，阐述海明威的硬汉情结和硬汉精神，揭示作者与其小说中的硬汉之间的内在联系，并探讨硬汉精神对世人的影响。

[关键词]海明威；硬汉；硬汉精神；《老人与海》

Abstract:

Of all Hemingway’s works, The Old Man and the Sea occupied an important place. It was a summary work of the whole life of Hemingway, and the inner world of Hemingway’s later life was reflected by that of Santiago, the hero of The Old Man and the Sea. He was the most typical one of the tough guys in Hemingway’s literary works. By analyzing the tough guy Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea, this essay tries to elaborate Hemingway’s complex of “tough guy” and “masculine spirit”, demonstrate the inner relationship between Hemingway and the heroes portrayed in his novels, and discuss the influence of “masculine spirit” to the world.

Key words: Hemingway; tough guy; masculine spirit; The Old Man and the Sea

1. Introduction
Since the primitive society, “tough guy” has been the center of praise. And we always respect and admire those brave ones with outstanding strength. And we may be contemptuous of those cowards. Even a brave animal can be keenly worshiped by people. And even though today when we talk about “tough guy”, we can’t control our feelings either. Respect and admiration will rise from our hearts. So we can see that heroism is very important to our human spirit. The “tough guy” Santiago portrayed by Hemingway in his novel The Old Man and the Sea played an important role in the literary world. Hemingway depicted a distinctive figure for us. We can say, all through his life, Hemingway’s writing style changed with the development of his minds. At the beginning, he described young men going hunting, boxing, bullfighting, war and some other such things full of thrills and bloody scenes. Later, when the First World War brought great pain to people’s inner world, Hemingway suffered from the war too and though he more than once emphasized the “masculine spirit” in his novels, his pessimism always showed unintentionally. At the last period of his writing, he created many “tough guy” images, but with different characteristics, especially those represented by Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea, reflecting the value and meaning of human life. Obviously, of all Hemingway’s heroes, Santiago was the one best portrayed by the author. Santiago, as a typical “tough guy” in Hemingway’s works, was praised by the readers and had great influence on the people all over the world.