Abstract

Scholars began to study Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea around the 1970s from the perspective of eco-criticism. Eco-criticism is the study of literature and environment from an interdisciplinary point of view in which literature scholars analyze the environment and examine the various ways of literature in treating the natural themes.
  This thesis will briefly introduce the background and main content of eco-criticism. Then it will explore Santiago’s relationship with nature, and analyze Santiago’s harmonious coexistence with non-human beings. After that, the thesis will focus on the alienation between Santiago and other people under the view of deep ecology, and then tries to find a solution to solve the alienation, which is to be identified with non-human beings and by establishing harmonious relationship with other creatures and learning from the wisdom of the old man’s way of treating other creatures by showing respect and love to other people. This thesis is intended to reveal the ecological ideas of The Old Man and the Sea, and to arouse people’s ecological consciousness to nature.

Key words: The Old Man and the Sea; eco-criticism; nature

摘要

学者们在十九世纪七十年代开始从生态批评的角度研究《老人与海》。生态批评是对文学与环境的研究。其中，文学研究者分析环境并检视文学处理自然的各种方式。
本文将简要介绍生态批评主义的背景及内容，接着将探讨圣地亚哥与自然的关系，并分析圣地亚哥与其他生物的和谐相处。接下来本文主要反映了在深层生态角度下圣地亚哥与他人的疏离关系，并试图找出解决这一疏离关系的方法, 即与其他生物融为一体。而这可以通过与他们建立和谐关系及用尊重与爱来对待他人这一从老人身上学来的智慧来实现。本文的主要目的旨在揭示在《老人与海》中体现的生态关怀，并唤起人们的生态意识。

关键词：《老人与海》，生态批评，自然