Abstract
“Mammon and the Archer” by O. Henry is chosen as the study subject, and with the help of the device of class theory, this paper focuses on the short story’s social analyses. Based on the overview of American society in late 19th century, the essay pays much attention to the textual analyses of class clashes between bourgeoisie and aristocracy, and conflicts within bourgeoisie itself as well. It is then revealed that although it has necessary technological, social and capital qualifications required to arise, the bourgeoisie class has actually not finished the formation of collective identification at the period yet. Moreover, the resolutions that O. Henry proposes is a reflection of the writer’s class limitation.
Keywords   American society   class clashes   collective identification    resolution limitation

本文选用欧•亨利的短篇小说《财神和爱神》为研究对象,以马克思的阶级理论作为研究视角，着眼于小说的社会学意义解读。文章在概述十九世纪末美国社会的基础上，注重于对小说中资产阶级与旧贵族的冲突以及资产阶级内部之间矛盾的文本解析，进而揭示了具备了发展条件的资产阶级却还未完全认同自己的阶级身份；而解决这些矛盾冲突的方案也从侧面说明了欧•亨利的阶级局限性。
关键词  美国社会  冲突  阶级身份 矛盾解决  阶级局限

O. Henry (1862-1910), one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. O. Henry was born as William Sidney Porter in 1862. Without systematic training, Porter submitted his illustrations to local publications. Porter continued to write and submit stories as a convict which was for the charge of embezzlement. The publication of 1899 work “Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking” gave birth to his pseudonym, O. Henry. After his release Porter was hired by the New York World and soon began publishing stories for the newspaper.