摘要

    鉴于人类生活在一个遭受环境污染和生态危机挑战的社会，他们对待自然的方式不能一如既往，要从生态学的角度开始考虑。本文从生态学角度分析《老人与海》是为了重新审视经典作品，并从文中探索海明威的生态学意识，以此提出对人与自然相处之道新的理解方式以及对人与自然平等关系的感悟。

关键词：生态学思考；自然；老人

Abstract

As people live in a society which is challenged by environmental pollution and ecological crisis, they should treat nature with ecological ideas. This thesis presents an ecological thinking about The Old Man and the Sea in order to reevaluate the classics and gain a view of Hemingway’s ecological consciousness and suggest a new way to understand the interconnection and equality between man and nature.

Key words: ecological thinking; nature; the old man

1. Introduction
Because of the emerging eco-criticism in the 1960’s people have a new angle to reevaluate the connection between human and nature world. The Hemingway’s novels have gained a lot of attention in this field. And many ideas in the literature haven’t been explored; people should make the study of these ideas about the relationship between the ecology and classical works (Lu Shuyuan, 2011). And Fleming. Robert E had pointed out “Few authors in history have been so closely identified with the natural world as Ernest Hemingway” (1999). And also since the ecological environment becomes worse and worse, humans face a serious situation in front of the pollution. Besides the pollution, humans can’t ignore the desire of them who are crazier about exploiting and conquering nature. The aim of this thesis is to emphasize the importance of protecting and respecting nature through studying the ecological ideas in The Old Man and the Sea. It is the purpose of this study to rebuild the relationship between men and nature and appeal to people to protect and respect nature world.
The Old Man and the Sea is mainly about an old man who has spent many tough days catching the big fish and fighting against the sharks in the sea. This novel makes Hemingway famous with the Nobel and the Pulitzer Prize. In this novel, he constantly presents his ideas about the connection between nature and human. Ecological thinking is a term to describe thinking that looks at nature and consequences of relationships (Hu Zhihong, 2006). Through ecology, science has embarked on a quest for the great system of order that underlie the complex flow of life on our planet (Burnie, 2003). Ecological thinking is concerned with looking at issues from a whole system perspective. In the real world, all things are interconnected, so essentially there is a mistake between the way the world is and the way people have been taught to think about it. Intuitively humans all feel this. Thinking ecologically is one way of thinking about things in a more inclusive or holistic way. In other words, ecological thinking is a way of “thinking out of the box”. Mark Twain said, “When all you have is a hammer, all your problems begin to like nails.” The way that people think is really important; after all, the way that humans think influences what they see. Human ecology is about humans as a part of ecosystems, not as dominators having an important effect on the environment, but each one of people as part of the environment of everyone else. Environmental problems are consequences or effects of what human beings choose to do. The main idea is that the living environment should be respected and regarded as having some legal rights to live and flourish. So having ecological thinking is essential to our world since it will teach people to protect and respect nature.