功能对等视阈下的翻译补偿_英语论文

On Compensation in Translation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence

摘要

在源语文本中，作者可能会省略一些与本族读者共有的文化信息，但在目的语文本中，如果没能将省略的信息清楚地反映出来，则会出现文化缺省。随着翻译研究的发展，译者越来越意识到文化缺省的重要性。本文从译文缺失问题入手，采用文献法和举例法，分析研究翻译补偿的各个层面以及补偿方法，以期有助于译者更好地传达源语文本信息。根据功能对等理论，翻译不求文字表面的死板对应，而要在两种语言间达成功能上的对等。在该理论的指导下，译者可以从三个层面，亦即语言层面、文化层面和审美层面，进行各种补偿。语言层面的翻译补偿分为词汇补偿和语法补偿，补偿策略包括直译加注法、替代法，以及归化。文化层面的翻译补偿分为文化语境信息的补偿、句法差异性的补偿和文体差异性的补偿。审美层面的翻译补偿主要针对形象的缺失，韵律的缺失以及修辞手法的缺失，其翻译补偿策略包括注释法、增译法和替代法。

关键词： 翻译补偿；文化缺省；功能对等；语言；文化；审美

Abstract

In a source-language text, the author may omit some cultural information that s/he thinks is common and shared with readers, but in a target-language text, if the omitted information is not made clear, cultural default occurs. As researches on translation advance, translators are increasingly aware that more importance should be attached to “cultural default”. This essay, on the basis of analyses of default in translated texts, explores and analyzes levels of translation compensation and methods to compensate through methods of literature review and exemplification in the hope of helping translators who endeavor to make translated texts better transfer source-language information. According to functional equivalence theory, the aim of translation is not to achieve absolute correspondence, but functional equivalence between the source language and target language. Under the guidance of this theory, translators may compensate for various defaults on three levels, namely, linguistic, cultural and aesthetic levels. In terms of compensation on the linguistic level, there are compensation for word and compensation for grammar. Ways of compensation on the linguistic level include literal translation with annotation, substitution and domestication. In terms of compensation on the cultural level, there are compensation for information in cultural context, compensation for differences in syntax and compensation for differences in styles. In terms of default on the aesthetic level, there are default of image, default of musicality and default of figures of speech, the ways of compensation for which include annotation, amplification and substitution. 

Key words: translation compensation; cultural default; functional equivalence; linguistic; cultural; aesthetic

Contents

1 Introduction 1

2 The Possibility of Translation Compensation from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory 3

2.1 A brief introduction of functional equivalence theory 3

2.2 Functional equivalence theory as a guiding principle for translation compensation 4

3 Translation compensation on the linguistic level 5

3.1 Subcategories of translation compensation on the linguistic level 5

3.1.1 Compensation for words 5

3.1.2 Compensation for grammar 5

3.2 Ways of translation compensation on the linguistic level 6

3.2.1 Literal translation with annotation 6

3.2.2 Substitution 6

3.2.3 Domestication 7

4 Translation compensation on the cultural level 7

4.1 A definition of compensation on the cultural level 7

4.2 Subcategories of compensation on the cultural level 9

4.2.1 Compensation for information in cultural context 9

4.2.2 Compensation for differences in syntax 10

4.2.3 Compensation for difference in style 10

5 Translation compensation on the aesthetic level 11

5.1 Transaltion Default on the aesthetic level 11

5.1.1 Default of musicality 11

5.1.2 Default of image 12

5.1.3 Default of figures of speech 12

5.2 Ways of translation compensation on the aesthetic level 13

5.2.1 Annotation 13

5.2.2 Amplification 13

5.2.3 Substitution 14

6 Conclusion 15

6.1 Summary of the Main Points 15

6.2 Limitations of the Study 15

6.3 Recommendations for Future Research 15

References 18