从文体学角度探讨美国两届政府价值观的差异-基于奥巴马和川普总统就职演讲的对比分析_英语论文

A Stylistic Analysis on the Different Values of the American Government-Based on the Inauguration Speeches of Presidents Obama and Trump

摘要

就职演讲作为新任总统上台施政的总括性讲话，一方面有着动员全体民众的作用，另一方面也展现了新任政府施政的大方向。通过对不同的总统演讲进行分析，能获取到总统及所代表的政府不同的价值取向。

文体学是一种基本的文本分析方法，它通过对文本的语言学分析，揭露文本的文体特征及其背后隐藏的的价值观念。本文以文体学分析为理论框架，旨在通过对美国现任总统川普和前总统奥巴马就职演讲的分析，探讨其文体特征及其体现的不同价值观点。

本文先对奥巴马和川普的就职演讲进行概括解读，发现较为显著的语言特征，然后对这些特征分别从语音、词汇、句法和修辞等方面展开文体分析，最后再进一步探讨这些特征体现的两位总统的价值差异。结果表明，奥巴马演讲存在大量的抽象名词，更注重民生，关心整个世界的福利；川普更强调行动，注重国家的统治与安定，关心美国自身的利益。

关键词：就职演讲；文体学；观点；奥巴马；川普

Abstract

As a general speech by the new president, the inaugural speech not only mobilizes the public but also indicates the direction of new measures. Based on different inaugural speeches, we can obtain different values and perspectives of them.

This thesis takes a stylistic approach and makes some detailed linguistic analysis on the inaugural speeches of the current and former presidents of the United States America, Trump and Obama. By a comparison, it tries to reveal some hidden values behind the speeches. 

In the process of the analysis, a general interpretation is made at first; then focusing on some linguistic features, the thesis tries to reveal values behind them. After that, it adopts the stylistic analysis method to substantiate them from phonology, lexis, syntax and rhetorical devices and concludes the differences of two presidents.

The results show that Obama uses a bunch of abstract nouns, focuses on people’s livelihood and cares for the international welfare, while Trump prefers action than slogans, lays great emphasis on national stability and puts American benefit first.

Keywords: Inaugural Speeches; Stylistics; Perspectives; Obama; Trump

Contents

摘  要 II

ABSTRACT III

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS IV

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 2

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2

1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS 3

CHAPTER TWO  LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2. 1PREVIOUS STUDIES ON INAUGURAL SPEECHES ABROAD 4

2.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES AT HOME 5

2.3 AN OVERVIEW ON STYLISTICS 6

2.4 STYLISTIC ANALYSIS AS A BASIC THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 9

CHAPTER THREE  ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 12

3.1 A GENERAL READING OF THE TWO ADDRESSES 12

3.2 STYLISTIC ANALYSIS ON VARIOUS LEVELS AND DISCUSSION 13

3.2.1 On the phonological level 13

3.2.2 On the lexical level 19

3.2.2. 1 Deixis 20

3.2.2. 2. Model Auxiliaries 24

3.2.2.3. Abstract Nouns 26

3.2.3 On the syntactic level 27

3.2.3.1 Sentence type 27

3.2.3.2 Sentence tense 27

3.2.3.3 Sentence voice 28

3.2.4 On the rhetorical level 28

3.2.4.1 Repetition 28

3.2.4.2. Parallelism 29

CHAPTER FOUR  CONCLUSION 30

4.1MAJOR FINDINGS 30

4.2LIMITATIONS 31

REFERENCES 32