英汉财经新闻中的预设对比研究_英语论文

Comparative Research on Presupposition in English and Chinese Financial News 

摘要

预设自19世纪被提出以来，得到了众多学者的关注。研究表明英汉语中均有预设现象的存在。目前，已经有部分学者以中英广告、庭审语言以及新闻标题为语料展开了英汉语中预设现象的对比研究，但是对于新闻报道中的预设对比研究仍是空缺。新闻语篇更是有着其独自的特点，因此新闻语篇中的预设现象仍有待进一步研究。本研究以财经新闻为研究对象,新闻中的预设触发语比较为研究目标,运用语料库对比方法对比研究英汉两种语言中财经新闻预设触发语的运用情况。本研究收集了19篇英汉财经新闻作为语料进行分析，发现财经新闻中预设现象的异同点。研究表明，英汉语财经新闻中均广泛存在预设现象，其原因基于新闻语篇的关联性及经济性特点。研究还发现英汉语中使用最频繁的几类预设存在着共性，其中状态变化类预设以及比较类预设同时出现在英汉语财经新闻最频繁使用的几类预设当中。但英汉两语财经新闻中预设使用同样存在着差异。英语中预设的总体使用频率明显高于汉语，其原因是因为英汉语使用者思维存在差异。英语使用者拥有直线型的思维模式而汉语使用者为螺旋型思维模式。除此之外，英汉语中时间类预设使用频率也出现了较大差别，其原因为英汉语时间表达法差异。最后，该研究还尝试通过对预设信息的比对与鉴定对财经新闻的客观性进行了探究，发现绝大多数财经新闻是客观的，但是仍有极个别财经新闻通过非客观的预设信息对财经新闻增加了一定的主观色彩。

关键词: 预设； 预设触发语； 财经新闻； 新闻客观性； 思维差异

Abstract

The concept of presupposition has caught many scholars’ attention since it was proposed in 19th century. Till now, many scholars have already carried out the comparative researches on presupposition in English and Chinese based on the corpora of advertisements, courtroom discourses and news titles, but there’s no such research on news discourse. News discourse has its own features, so there’s a research gap of presupposition in news discourse. This thesis takes financial news as research object, the comparison of presuppositions in financial news as target, conducts a comparison research between Chinese and English on the application of presuppositions in financial news through contrast method of corpus. This research totally collects 19 pieces of financial news in English and Chinese, compares and analyzes the frequency of each type of presupposition, and tries to figure out the similarities and differences.  Research indicates that presuppositions are both widely used in English and Chinese financial news due to financial news’ relevance feature and linguistic economics feature. The change of state verbs and comparison and contrasts are among the most frequently used kinds of presupposition in both English and Chinese. But there are also some differences lying between English and Chinese financial news. Firstly, the general frequency of utilization in English is much higher than that in Chinese due to different thinking patterns. English users cherish a linear model thinking style while Chinese have spiral one. Secondly, the frequency of adverbial clauses of time has a huge gap between English and Chinese financial news due to different time expression methods. Besides, through examining the truth conditions of the information lying behind presupposition, I found that the majority of financial news is objective, while some is added with the subjective information through the use of presupposition.

Keywords:  presupposition,  presupposition triggers,  financial news,  news' objectivity,  thinking difference.