摘 要

道德经集中体现道家的哲学思想，是中华文化的精华所在，同时也是中国古籍的经典之作。道德经在西方一直享誉盛名，拥有的外文译本的数目仅次《圣经》。西方对《道德经》的翻译由来已久，自16世纪开始，《道德经》大致经历三次翻译高潮，第一次是1868-1905年，以理雅各的译本最为流行，第二次1934-1963年，以亚瑟维利的《道与德《道德经》及其在中国思想中的地位研究》为起点，第三次则是1973-2004年，以1973年长沙马王堆汉墓出土帛书《道德经》后的老子研究热为起点。如今单是英文译本就达一百多本，随着西方对中国文化的认识不断加深，道德经的英文译本数目仍有上升的潜力。道德经已经超出文学作品的范畴，提及道德经，更多的指隐藏在字里行间的道家哲学思想。语言与民族思维互塑关系已是语言哲学界公认的命题，因此在英译版本的道德经中文化精神范式缺失现象在所难免。本论文旨在从翻译学角度切入，以语言哲学为理论支撑，通过民族语言与民族思维的关系维度研究德道经英译本与原文思维所存在的差异，探究译本所产生的文化精神要素缺失的原因，从而探究如何更好保留中华文化精神样式的德道经翻译的方式，构建中华典籍对外翻译中文化补偿的翻译方法论。
  
关键词：文化；语言；思维；道德经；翻译补偿
 
Abstract

Tao Te Ching mainly reflects the philosophical thought of Taoism; it is the spiritual essence of Chinese culture as well as classics of ancient Chinese works. Tao Te Ching has long enjoyed a higher reputation in the occidental world. The number of its translated versions is just a bit smaller than that of the Bible. The occidental world has translated Tao Te Ching since a long time ago. There has been three climaxes of the translation of Tao Te Ching since the 16th century; the first climax was from 1868 to 1905, the most popular version was translated by Legge; the second climax was from 1934 to 1963, started with The Way and Its Power: Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching and Its Place in Chinese Thought by Arthur David Waley; and the third climax was from 1973 to 2004, started from the trend of researching Laozi that originated from the 1973 discovery of Tao Te Ching on silk from the Han mausoleum Mawangdui in Changsha, Hunan province. [1] At present, there are more than one hundred different English versions of Tao Te Ching. As the occidental world deepens their understanding of Chinese culture, the number of English versions would continue an increase. Tao Te Ching has surpassed the sphere of literature. It mostly focuses on the philosophy of Taoism between the lines when Dao Te Ching is referred; as a result, the culture vacancy is inevitable during translation. The purpose of this thesis is to research the difference in thinking paradigm between the translated version and the original version of Tao Te Ching based on the inter-relationship between language and thinking, and theoretical interpretation of language philosophy. And this paper tries to discuss and develop a better way of translation compensation to remain the original thinking paradigm in translation of Tao Te Ching by probing the cause of culture default so as to suggest the translation methodology of Chinese classics.

Keywords: culture; language; thinking; Tao Te Ching; Translation Compensation