当期待视野改变时译者如何处理译文中的不定点-基于莫言小说《生死疲劳》葛灏文译本的比较分析

How to deal with the indeterminacy-an analysis of Life and Death are Wearing Me Out translated by Howard Goldblatt

摘要

莫言于2012年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，成为中国首位获得诺贝尔奖的作家。诺奖的光环带给莫言巨大荣耀的同时也把他推向批评的风口浪尖，一时间掀起了有关为何莫言能够获得诺奖的探讨。批评界对莫言荣获诺奖的原因莫衷一是，同时这其中亦参杂了政治等其他因素，但是，摒除其他的不谈，荣获诺奖至少说明西方一定程度上理解了莫言的小说，体现了其小说的接受度。这与莫言小说本身的文学特点是分不开的，但与此同时还有一个很重要的原因，即莫言小说的外文译本对于目标读者来说是可理解的。那么，作为文化传播交流的重要媒介，译作如何能更好地被目标读者理解和接受呢？

本文在前人研究的基础上，以《生死疲劳》的葛译本为例，运用接受美学中的不定点和期待视野理论，主要对书名及章目回目进行对比分析，重点分析在期待视野改变时，译者在在创作中如何处理原作者预留的不定点。首先分析每一部的大标题，其次再分类分析每一章节的题目，在阐释每一类总体特征的基础上，将在每一类中选取最具代表性的范例进行具体分析。

通过分析译文的得失，希望能够为以后的翻译提供可供参考的经验。

关键词：翻译，接受美学，不定点，具体化，期待视野，莫言 

Abstract
Mo Yan awarded Nobel Prize in literature in 2012 is the first Chinese on the list of winners. Companions the glory, critical has haunting around the author since he got the price. The reason why it is Mo Yan who has been awarded has put forward a discussion and till now it has not met any agreement. In my opinion, Mo Yan being awarded is not only because his literary achievements but some other complex and none-literal factors involving politics are also been taken into consideration. Putting aside those, Mo Yan being awarded, at least, reflects that the westerners has understood his works and accepted it in some way. This is determined by on one hand his unique literary characters which is not the focal point in this article, on the other hand whether it has been well translated or not. In another words the translation of his novel is understandable towards the target foreign readers, so that it is possible for foreigners to understand the novel. But, here comes question, how Translations, as the medium of cultural communication, can be more understandable and acceptable.
The essay based on the text of Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out, both the original by Mo Yan and English version by Howard Goldblatt, and employing the indeterminacy and expectation horizon in acceptance aesthetics will compare the titles of each part between the original and the translation. The focus is on how the author dealing with Indeterminacy when Expectation Horizon changes. The thesis will be arranged according to the division of the novel. And in each part an overall analysis will be given first and the discussion on typical examples will be followed.
Through the analysis I try to find the shinning points that can be learned from and also the weak points which should be taken as a lesson in the future.
Key words: translation, acceptance aesthetics, indeterminacy, concretion, horizon of expectations, Mo Yan