中文被动句的英译

Translation of Passive-Voiced Chinese Sentences 

摘要

相较于对英语被动句汉译的研究，当前国内翻译界对汉语被动句英译的研究相对较少一些，而将主要的精力放到了对英语被动句及其它英语句式汉译的研究上。产生这一现象的主要原因是有别于英语，被动句在汉语中的使用相对较少，因为被动句式在古汉语中主要是一种不幸语态（inflictive voice）。尽管被动句在现代汉语中的使用范围有所扩大，但出于语意、语感等多方面的考虑，其使用频率仍旧较低。即便有涉及汉语被动句的研究，大多也只是作为汉英翻译研究中的一个组成部分，很少有系统地针对汉语被动句英译的研究。

本文将从显性汉语被动句和隐性汉语被动句两方面着手，试图较系统全面地梳理汉语被动句，并借助德国翻译学家Reiss、Vermeer和Nord提出的翻译目的论（Skopos Theory），对汉语被动句的英译提供新的研究视角和方法。尽管汉语被动句的使用频率较低，但是用法更为灵活多变，很多时候并不像英语被动句一样具有明显的被动符号标志，并且随着时代的发展，汉语被动句的使用范围不断扩大，故而希望通过本文的写作，能够引起英语研究者和学习者对汉语被动句英译研究的兴趣和重视，从而为汉语被动句英译的研究尽绵薄之力。

关键词：汉语被动句，英译，翻译目的论 

Abstract
Currently, compared with the quantity of research on the translation of passive-voiced English sentences (hereinafter referred to as PES), much less attention has been paid to the research on the translation of passive-voiced Chinese sentences (hereinafter referred to as PCS). The main cause for the present situation is that much fewer passive-voiced sentences are used in Chinese than in English. As in ancient China, the passive was considered an inflictive voice and was consequently not frequently used. Although in modern Chinese language, the passive is more widely used and no longer necessarily denotes a negative meaning, it is still not commonly used and mainly confined to written language due to its negative implication and certain grammatical rules. The former researchers mainly take PCS translation as a component of their researches on Chinese-English translation, but few of them have taken enough importance to a systematic study of this topic.
This paper will, proceeding from two aspects, i.e. PCS with passive markers (syntactic passives) and PCS without passive markers (notional passives), comb through PCS in a systematic and comprehensive way and, by employing the Skopos Theory put forward by the German translators, Reiss, Vermeer and Nord, explore new research perspectives and methods for PCS translation. Although PCS are used in a relatively low frequency, they are more flexible than English passives for in many cases they do not necessarily need passive markers as their English counterparts do. And with the development of the society, the usage of PCS is rapidly expanding and thus its importance.
In the composition of this paper, a main concern is to raise the interests and attention of English translators and learners on the research of PSC translation and to make a share of contribution to this cause.
Key words: passive-voiced Chinese sentences (PCS), Chinese - English translation, the Skopos Theory